Urban sustainability free essay sample

Urban supportability Name Instructor In the worldwide setting, Urbanization is seen as a fundamental pattern for improvement for a few decades to come, this is particularly the situation in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asian nations. Urban areas in referenced locales just as different pieces of the world are anticipated to advance manageable improvement of their individual countries. This is bolstered by the information that urbanization if all around enunciated can upgrade financial and social prosperity of countries; since the urban focuses give the offices to creation. Thusly, maintainability ought to be fused in all urban evelopment designs so as to advance ventures for center and low-pay individuals from the general public. The advancements should address the present and future needs of country and urban districts of the general public (Fitzgerald,J. 2010). Right now, around a large portion of the Worlds populace live in urban focuses. Examiners venture that by 2030, there will be an expansion of more than one billion urban occupants and continuously 2050, urban populace will be between 2. We will compose a custom article test on Urban manageability or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page to 3 billion individuals. Henceforth, the urban chiefs ought to create manageability components to oblige the rising urban populace. Supportability and by and large advancement of a urban focus involve upgrading the limit of urban inhabitants to improve their employment, it includes monitoring the of the current open utilities. A citys improvement plan ought to in this manner, fuse the physical extension as well as give the best methodologies for guaranteeing supportability. In this way, an extensive and most effective urban arrangement gives strategies to acknowledge improvement goals, builds up a fitting and one of a kind urban condition that advantage both the present and future inhabitants of the city. In ddition, urban manageability likewise upgrade responsibility and straightforwardness in the administration of the urban utilities and assets. This thus elevate consistence to the current by-laws and arrangements along these lines, limiting natural debasement and contamination. In such manner, urban manageability alludes to the multi-disciplinary and cross segment approach that give the down to earth use and incorporation of residents in the arranging procedure, dynamic, usage, checking and assessment of urban undertakings. This advances plausible, long haul, just as self-supporting urban undertakings and settings. In this case, manageability may identify with the utilization of common assets and best practices being developed of urban condition, which doesn't bargain the capacity of people in the future to rehearse further turn of events or address their own issues. It alludes to the advancement that coordinates entomb and intra generational value. So as to acknowledge urban supportability, the organizers embrace a political procedures that fuses the perspectives and assessments, open concerns, commitments and skill guidance of neighborhood pioneers, particular vested parties including; ladies, kids, the impaired and the old. The methodology requires the coordination f different specialists and authorities from various fields, for example, structures, regular asset preservation and the executives, transportation segment, exchange and industry and the Non-Governmental associations. They consecutively structure a group which screen and counsel the inhabitants on the drawn out maintainability just as the natural and segment changes of the urban condition Over the previous decades, there has been banters about making urban advancement further suitable. Be that as it may, Just as the discussions on general maintainability, there is no push to clarify and measure the genuine significance of the term urban supportability. At present, it is assessed that the all out populace of individuals living in urban conditions is over half. This is required to reach about 70% by 2050 (World Health Organization). The Food and Agricultural Organization additionally clarifies that the pace of water use is marginally double the pace of populace development, making water a delicate and scant ware. In this manner, there exists significant worries to advance manageability of the urban focuses. By the by, the previously mentioned issues ought not raise a caution in light of the fact that the essentialness of urban focuses gives significant chances to manageable turn of events. Obviously maintainable urban improvement can possibly produce steady employments and give better occupations to urban occupants. This is thusly is combined with noteworthy improvement in social prosperity and financial development; moreover, manageability upgrades the insurance of natural just as asset use, it advances security of neighborhood and trans-limit biological systems. Likewise, this diminishes both the provincial and urban neediness, and hence the executives of urban assets and advancement is hard to address, and have enduring effects on the physical condition of urban focuses. This may cause the development of ghettos, and therefore, prohibition, imbalances and social agitation begin to create. Current endeavors by both the private part and governments to decrease negative natural effects of the urban areas and the urban advancement are all around expounded. Be that as it may, it is hard to clarify if their intercessions are reasonable or not. In many cases, governments propose and execute ventures without the full thought of their monetary and specialized productivity. For instance, the desalination plants built in significant Australian towns to give different wellsprings of ater is neither financially nor in fact proficient strategy for water arrangement. Maybe, proper and supportable urban advancement models for world urban communities should address both financial and mechanical effectiveness standards. That is, the approach should target limiting the contamination and harm to the physical condition. The models ought to too amplify the financial proficiency while then again advance supportable utilization of assets and creation. Urban supportability standards feature decrease in carbon outflows and related vitality wastage during utilization. In expansive view, it additionally involves lessening the water wastage and pointless interest. As a significant way to deal with city advancement, it advances the appropriation and manageable utilization of assets and cutoff points squander age. Urban manageability encourages proper waste administration; this includes the reception of 3Rs in particular; lessen, re-use and reusing of squanders. These progressions are required to oblige comparable modifications in the financial exhibition parts of the advancement tasks and exercises (Schaffer, D. 010). Contextual investigation The City of Vancouvesr. Vancouver city is one of the spotless urban areas in Canada and the entire world. The work features the procedures taken by the city organization and chairman of the city to improve its maintainability. Until now, Vancouver is one the greenest urban areas on the planet, it likewise give elevated requirements of living to the inhabitants dependent on the accessibility of the best administr ations and utilities notwithstanding the perfect city condition. In the previous years, the city relied upon the execution and suggestions of the Clouds of Change report of 1990. This report gave the rules and activities for decreasing discharges particularly the carbon outflows from assembling firms. Following five years, he urban organizers built up an exhaustive City Plan of 1995. The arrangement among different concerns planned for giving rules to the neighborhood government and city occupants in order to create productive and manageable urban networks. Likewise, the city the board embraced The Vancouver Greenways Plan. This arrangement empowered the improvement of strengthening cycling and strolling openings, this upgraded the security of city inhabitants along significant expressways. In this manner, the arrangement added to supportability of the city by decreasing wounds and mishaps along the boulevards, streets and roadways. As a development, the city organization received a n comprehensive ransportation plan in 1997, the arrangement offered accentuation to strolling, travel and cycling. event of mishaps. So as to improve Vancouver and upgrade maintainability of the city, the chairman framed the Cool Vancouver Task Force in 2002. The primary point of the team was to help with creating activity intends to address environmental change and related effects on urban settlements and foundation. These activity empowered Vancouver to turn into The Climate-Friendly City on the planet. In 2005, the team helped draft consolidating a wide-going corporate environmental change activity plan for city tasks. This point by point plan gave expound data identifying with changes that the Vancouver gathering was assumed make just as the maintainable tasks to be executed both in the present and what's to come. Plans tended to significant modifications in various segments of the economy, training, transportation, clean creation components and waste administration. To additionally advance supportability of Vancouver city, the nearby authority passed the Eco Density in 2008. This movement gave a milestone in upgrading urban supportability since; it advances progressively maintainable urban arranging forms. The arrangement endeavors o empower a recipe of densification that is monetarily, socially and ecologically inviting. It encourages the decrease of the citys unfortunate effects and biological impression. Among different concerns, Eco-Density likewise energizes the versatile reuse of previously winning structures, the advancement of extra auxiliary lodging units and the formation of new lodging plans that are progressively receptive to current improvement gauges that are viewed as feasible. To top everything and encourage urban maintainability, the administration of the city expected to set up enduring ways to deal with urbanization. The met

Sustained Silent Reading Essay -- Education

Supported Silent Reading Most overseers and teachers, whenever asked what is the territory that needs the most improvement in schools today, would answer perusing. Youngsters appear to fight with perusing at pretty much every evaluation level. As detailed by Trelease (2006) understudies don't peruse without question. In one announced investigation, 90% of the understudies examined dedicated just 1 percent of their leisure time to perusing and 30% to staring at the TV. 50% of the understudies read for a normal of four minutes or less every day, 30% read two minutes out of each day, and 10% read nothing by any means (p. 1). These insights just serve to compound the dread of understudies low understanding capacities. Teachers have built up a horde of projects to improve students’ understanding, maintenance, and more elevated level reasoning aptitudes. These abilities are particularly significant in the improvement of scores on the state commanded appraisals. Among these projects is Sustained Silent Reading (SSR), which guarantees that understudies can improve cognizance, appreciate perusing for delight, and become long lasting perusers in fifteen to twenty minutes per day. Continued Silent Reading is where understudies read any sort of written word for a continuous, explicit measure of time. Gardiner (2001) states there are a wide range of names for SSR, for example, Drop Everything and Read (DEAR), Uninterrupted Sustained Silent Reading (USSR), and Providing Opportunities with Everyday Reading (POWER) to give some examples (p. 32). Each program differs a little from the others, however they share similar rules. Understudies read quietly consistently, pick their own materials, read for a continuous measure of time, don't need to complete a book or other material, notice the instructor perusing too, and don't need to tak... ...his article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19388070309558400 DEAR me: What does it take to get kids perusing? By: Lee-Daniels, Sonya L., Murray, Bruce A., Reading Teacher, 00340561, Oct2000, Vol. 54, Issue 2 Instructing of English Language and Literature (TELL) Journal Volume 15, Number 2, November 1999 Anthony Seow The Read so anyone might hear Handbook Jim Trelease's 2006 Penguin Books http://www.educationworld.com/a_curr/curr038.shtml Supported Silent Reading Helps Develop Independent Readers (and Writers) Article by Gary Hopkins Training Worldâ ® Copyright  © 1997 Education World Initially distributed 11/19/1997 Refreshed 10/15/2007 Why Sustained Silent Reading (SSR) Doesn’t Work June 25th, 2011 | Mark Pennington, MA Reading Specialist Pennington Publishing Blog http://penningtonpublishing.com/blog/perusing/why-supported quiet perusing ssr-doesn%E2%80%99t-work

The Arousal Theory of Motivation

The Arousal Theory of Motivation Theories Print The Arousal Theory of Motivation By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 17, 2019 Kevin Elvis King / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology What is it that motivates us to do the things we do? There are many theories of motivation, one of which focuses on arousal levels. The arousal theory of motivation suggests that people are driven to perform actions in order to maintain an optimum level of physiological arousal. What exactly is the optimal level of motivation? Well, it varies from one individual to the next. Some people may require a higher level of arousal, which might motivate them to seek out exciting and stimulating activities. Other people may do better with much lower arousal levels, so they might feel compelled to seek out soothing and relaxing activities. How the Arousal Theory of Motivation Works According to the arousal theory of motivation, each person has a unique arousal level that is right for them. When our arousal levels drop below these personalized optimal levels, we seek some sort of stimulation to elevate them. For example, if our levels drop too low we might seek stimulation by going out to a nightclub with friends. If these levels become too elevated and we become overstimulated, we might be motivated to select a relaxing activity such as going for a walk or taking a nap. One of the key assumptions of the arousal theory is that we are motivated to pursue actions that help us maintain an ideal balance. When we become overly aroused, we seek soothing activities that help calm and relax us. If we become bored, we head in search of more invigorating activities that will energize and arouse us. Its all about striking the right balance, but that balance is unique to each individual. Arousal theory shares some commonalities with  drive-reduction theory, but instead of focusing on reducing tension, arousal theory suggests that we are motivated to maintain an ideal level of arousal. Arousal Levels Are Highly Individual Optimal arousal levels vary from one individual to the next. There are many factors that might influence each persons optimal arousal levels, including genetics, experience, and current mood. Your arousal preferences, in general, may be specified by your genetic makeup, but environmental factors can also play a role in how you are feeling at any given moment. One person may have very low arousal needs while another individual might require very high levels. The person with low arousal needs might be motivated to pursue simple activities such as crocheting or watching a movie in order to maintain their arousal levels. The individual with high arousal needs, on the other hand, might be motivated to seek risky or thrilling activities such as motorcycle racing or skydiving in order to maintain his or her ideal levels. Behavior Is Often Motivated by Arousal Levels. Some Examples: If you need to raise your arousal levels, you might:Engage in physical activitySocialize with friendsTry something new and excitingWatch an action-packed movieIf you need to lower your arousal levels, you might:Read a bookTake a bathEnjoy a relaxing hobbyTake a nap No matter what your arousal needs are, you will be motivated to act in order to maintain these levels. If you need more arousal, you will pursue actions designed to raise those levels. If you need less, you will seek out ways to calm down and relax. Arousal and Performance One of the assertions of the arousal theory of motivation is that our levels of arousal can influence our performance. Higher arousal levels can sometimes help us perform better, but it can also impair performance if arousal levels are too high. This is commonly referred to as the Yerkes-Dodson Law. The law states that increased levels of arousal will improve performance, but only up until the optimum arousal level is reached. At that point, performance begins to suffer as arousal levels increase. Additionally, if youre doing a complex task, high or low levels of arousal will affect you more than if youre doing something simple. Most students have experienced this phenomenon when taking final exams. Increased arousal can lead to better test performance by helping you stay alert, focused, and attentive. Excessive arousal can lead to test anxiety and leave you nervous and unable to concentrate on the test. When arousal levels are very high or very low, performance tends to be worse.

Social Cultural Context Of Behavior Change Interventions

Much of the current scholarly literature argues that managing workplace culture is an increasingly vital subject in any organisation. Workplace culture, also known as organizational culture can be defined as the values, beliefs, norms and assumptions that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of any organization (The Business Dictionary, 2015). Research has recognized that a strong workplace culture is not only important for the successfulness and sustainability of a company, but for the welfare of the individuals who work in it (Glisson, 2007). Over the years numerous interventions have been implemented within organisations in order to improve workplace culture. This review will aim to report findings on the social cultural context of behaviour change interventions based on teamwork interventions, mindfulness interventions leadership training interventions. Teamwork is a significant element in any workplace, as it offers all employees the sense of unity, reliability and support, and gives them the ability to work together efficiently. An intervention conducted by Bleakley et al (2012) aimed to investigate whether an education intervention would result in a significant development of attitudes towards teamwork across a surgical provision. The intervention was based on Crew Resource Management (CRM), which uses participatory action research to familiarize the strategies within the specific team context. A longitudinal quasi-experimental design wasShow MoreRelatedDiversity and Cultural Competence in Family Therapy Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pages Diversity and Cultural Competence in Family Therapy A therapist will face problems, issues and client troubles everyday. The professional must understand how their client relates to the world around them. These feelings and ideas affect how the client sees the problem and how they respond to their situation. Their actions, in turn, have bearing on individual thoughts, needs, and emotions. The therapist must be aware of the clients history, values, and culture in order to provideRead MoreInterpersonal Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1560 Words   |  7 PagesInterpersonal Psychotherapy Intervention Overview Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) was developed in the 1970 s by Gerald Klerman, Myrna Weissman, and Eugene Paykel. Initially, IPT was the control treatment while investigating the effectiveness of antidepressants and found the treatment comparably effective to medications and as credible as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (Robertson, Rushton, Wurm, 2008). According to Mechanism of Change in Interpersonal therapy (Lipsitz Markowitz,Read MoreThe Failure Of Sanitation Intervention1260 Words   |  6 Pagesa. Diffusion of Innovation is explanatory to the failure of sanitation intervention in Peru. Innovation refers to an idea, practice or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption. In this case, the innovation is the idea of sanitation which is perceived as new by this specific population. There are five characteristics of the innovation: Relative Advantage, Compatibility, Complexity, Trialability and Observability. 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In order to understand this better, Cauce has a three step model that includes problem definition, the decision to seek help, and the selection of a treatment service or service provider. This is called the help seeking pathway because it helps us understand the culture and context of the process to seek he lp. This process could happen in any order because each situation is differentRead MoreWhy Psychology Is The Choose Therapy For The Case Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesThis case study includes 3 articles to support why Indvidual Psychology is the choose therapy for the case. The first article â€Å"The Science of Self-Help : Translating Positive Psychology Research Into Increased Individual Happiness† Reviews behavior interventions that are implemented to encourage and enforce mobile treatment such as internet for clients that assist with depression as well as increase being happy and an individuals well-being. This model would be cost effective as well as offer resourcesRead MoreThe World Bank Water Global Practice s Water And Sanitation Program822 Words   |  4 Pagessupport new tactics for habit change in open defecation behavior. These advances draw from the fields of psychology, cognitive science, and behavioral science and were first outlined in the 2015 World Devel opment Report (WDR) on Mind, Society, and Behavior. WDR presents new insight into how people make decisions: thinking automatically, thinking socially, and thinking with mental models, and highlights the potential of future policy approaches that influence behavior while forgoing the assumptionRead MoreHealth Issue That Is Affected By A Social Condition1479 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Issue That Is Affected By a Social Condition HIV/AIDS is a health issue that has affected the lives of 35 million individuals globally and has continued to spread due to social conditions which surround us. Risky behaviors such as men having sex with men, large number of homeless population, large number of African American men incarcerated, and injection of drugs also attribute to the large number cases of HIV/AIDS. Theoretical model Being one of the oldest theories the Health BeliefRead MoreThe Steps Of Behavioral Health Continuum Of Care Model Used Assisted Latin American Coalition For The Prevention Of Addictions1514 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloping the infrastructure needed for community based public health approaches leading to effective and sustainable reductions in alcohol, tobacco and use of other drugs and the prevention of common diseases by our Hispanic/Latino community through changes behavior. The King Foundation would go out to the street in the communities to meet with the participants and used these steps: Step 1: Assess Need; Step 2: Build Capacity; Step 3: Plan; Step 4: Implementation; Step 5: Evaluation, (Rodriguez, 2016). 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Rationale Statement The Development And Implementation...

Rationale Statement: â€Å"Relationships are the foundation of the development and implementation of the curriculum for the infants and toddlers. Responsive caregiving and use of individual caregiving routines(for example, nappy changing, meals, sleep) provide the frame for curriculum implementation. Parents should be involved to take appropriate decision about the children’s learning and development†. Introduction: Over the past few years, research in neuroscience and developmental psychology has create a great influence to shape 21st century people’s outlook towards young children’s learning and development.â€Å"Development and learning that occurs in early childhood is now widely regarded as the foundation for future learning, health and well-being†(EDU30003,2015). Professor Loris Malaguzzi from Reggio Emilia, in Italy, championed the idea of placing the image of the child at the core of pedagogy. He prefers to consider â€Å"each child’s reality, provide comfortable environment, enjoy relationship and work together with children and become totally involved† (Malaguzzi, 1993) in children’s play. As the number of children attending child care centres has continuously increasing, it is the responsibility of the early childhood educators to provide a nurturing, high quality learning environment to the infants and toddlers. The Early Years Learning Framework [EYLF] (Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations [DEEWR], 2008) values that each child is an individual and callsShow MoreRelatedConstructing Meaning Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough effective pedagogy is needed in order to foster students having better critical thinking skills and writing abilities abroad. This means the entire school curriculum should incorporate writing in all subject areas and across all grade levels freshman, sophomore, juniors, and seniors. 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It is important that the library is well maintained and resourced. Issues needing to be addressed include implementation of the Australian Curriculum, learning needs of the 21st century learners and technology upgrades. Recommendation is to purchase smart devices such as iPad and tablets, and have these ready f or classroom use as well as within the library. The vision is to stayRead MoreA Justification For Implementation Of The Program1653 Words   |  7 PagesA justification for implementation of the program McGrath and Noble (2003), believe that young people in today’s society are using different coping strategies than previous generations to deal with life’s challenges. In today’s society it is believed that young people are more likely to encounter a range of difficult circumstances, negative events and down times and they are not equipped to cope with these challenges and downtimes (McGrath Noble, 2003). Young people in today’s society are moreRead MoreThe Vision Statement : Buford Academy1168 Words   |  5 PagesShared Vision – Buford Academy Vision Statement Buford Academy will intentionally invest in and develop technology leaders who will be purposeful, intentional, and responsible for remaining engaged in their own learning. By taking part in well-designed, meaningful learning experiences, these leaders will prepare themselves to compete globally. Students will also be provided opportunities that include distance learning, partnering with local businesses, internship experiences, and real life scenariosRead MoreInsight Into Liberal Arts Education in Business Schools: a Literature Review5279 Words   |  22 Pagesfields of study from accounting, economics, marketing, to management and have found a surprisingly common rationale: liberal arts has a positive impact on the education of business students in all fields. 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By analyzing data teacher leaders, administrators, and teachers can work together to derive a goal in the area of literacy instruction pertinent to our school. According to Taylor and Francis, â€Å"ByRead MoreCurriculum Development: Process10044 Words   |  41 PagesMODULE 5 Models in Curriculum Development INTRODUCTION Curriculum development is concerned with the drawing up of plans for teaching and learning activities in classroom situations that will bring about positive changes in the lives of the learners. It is based on the school’s mission and goals and identifies ways of translating these into a coherent and coordinated program of meaningful experiences and conditions eliciting responses that will lead to the transformation of the learners into

Ethics And Entertainment Assignment Free Essays

Artistic Freedom, Commercial Demands, and Ethical Responsibility Resources: Case Study 75: â€Å"The Voice of America† in Media Ethics; Chi. 17 of Media Ethics; and â€Å"Popular Culture: Rage, Rights, and Responsibility’ video located on the student website. Write a 1,050- to 1,750-word paper that addresses the following: Explain what arguments entertainers and their supporters use to justify the use of questionable content. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics And Entertainment Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Evaluate the moral, artistic, and commercial underpinnings of those arguments. Explain what types of content should be ensured. List the criteria that would, from your ethical perspective, be appropriate for limiting access to content. Explain why these criteria are ethically appropriate. Explain who should be responsible for censoring content and why. Cite at least two references. Format your paper consistent with PAP guidelines. Resources: Chi. 14 17 of Media Ethics; Case Study 74: ‘†Video Game Rage† in Media Ethics; â€Å"Popular Culture: Rage, Rights, and Responsibility’ video located on the student website. Select a popular video game that has been the target of censorship. Write a 1 ,050- to 1,750-word paper that analyzes the arguments for and against the censorship of the video game you selected. Include the following: Describe the concept and game-play of the video game. Identify the main arguments for and against censoring the video game. Explain the artistic, commercial, and ethical considerations behind each argument. Explain whether the video game should be censored or not censored and on what grounds. Explain who is responsible for censorship or, if the video game should not be censored, who is responsible for the potential effect of the content. How to cite Ethics And Entertainment Assignment, Papers

The Protestant Reformation VS The Counter-Reformation Essays

The Protestant Reformation VS The Counter-Reformation ` The Reformation was a movement against the Catholic Church in the early 1500s. The Counter-Reformation was a movement by the Catholic Church to ignite the passion that was once contagious in Europe, but had seemed to die down. In 1483 some would say that the greatest reformer of all time was born. Martin Luther changed the world forever when he posted his 95 theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenburg, Germany. His target audience was mostly the people that were fed up with the Catholic Churchs selling of indulgences. While the Catholic Church struggled with its own predicaments, they too fought back to regain their credibility. The Church attempted to get as many people back in the church as possible. Reputation, integrity, and the rights of people were at stake during the time of both reformations. When looking at the Reformation and the Counter Reformation, one must consider the implications of each. Each had to have taken place for a reason, had their target audience, and both had to have an outcome. The Christian world, and moreover the entire world, would change due to this time of transformation that lasted about one hundred years. The reason for the Reformation was the irresponsibility of the Catholic leaders and their lack of interest in keeping their doctrines. The immediate cause of the Reformation was Luther (Spitz 57). It started on October 31, 1517 when he posted his 95 Theses on the subject of indulgences. This sent a jolt through the very soul of Christendom. The theme of these Theses was the doctrine of indulgences, acknowledging a minor point of Catholic Theology, which Luther meant to expound in a routine academic disputation (Hillerbrand xiv). At the time, Luther had no intention of splitting Christianity into two sects. In fact, Luther had no intent of even leaving the Catholic Church. His only intention was to get the Catholic leaders to realize what they were doing. Many people rallied around Luther and convinced him that he could challenge the Catholic Church, and eventually Luther started to believe it. In 1519 Luther repudiated the infallibility of the Pope and replaced him with sola scriptur a, Scripture alone. He believed that a person didnt need a religious individual help them get to heaven; one just needed their faith. In 1520, Luther was excommunicated from the church for his, what some believed, outlandish remarks. The target audience for the movement in which Luther led was people who did not want anything to do with the Church. People who were in need of change and who yearned for different explanations in theology sought Luthers advice and followed him. Although he was out of the church, Luther had brought a lot of people with him. Most people felt it was time for a change. The outcome of the Reformation is still very much felt today. Christianity has more than 15 major sects just in the US, not counting the sub-sects of those. Luther encouraged a new wave of thinking around the world. The Reformation and the Counter-Reformation had many differences, but they also had their similarities. Both happened because certain individuals sought change. Contrary to popular belief, the Counter Reformation was taking place before the Reformation. In the first place, the name suggests that the Catholic movement came after the Protestant, whereas in truth the reform originally began in the Catholic Church and Luther was a Catholic Reformer before he became a Protestant. By becoming a Protestant Reformer, he did indeed hinder the progress of the Catholic Reformation, but he did not stop it. The name most likely came from the fact that Protestant historians had been using it, most likely for propagandist attention. The Papal office had been sending missionaries all over Europe long before the Reformation to help recharge the enthusiasm that Catholicism once had. Not until the Protestant Reformation, though, did the Church realize that it really had a problem. In 1537, the Council of Trent was summoned (3: 46). During the council, leaders strictly forbade the further selling of indulgences and held individual Bishops and Priests responsibl e for their own diocese. Also, during the Council, new missionary groups were created to help regain the popularity